⮪ LessonsUpdated 2/19/2025 - 75 min read

Adverbial Phrases

Two or more words functioning as an adverb can collectively form an adverbial phrase. Similar to single adverbs, adverbial phrases address questions like "when," "where," "why," "how," and "how often". They provide additional information or modify verbs, phrases, adjectives, or other adverbs within a sentence. Below, Chinese adverbial phrases are systematically categorized by their function and usage.

Relevant Concepts 相關概念
副詞	fù cí	adverb
狀語	zhuàngyǔ	adverbial
狀語短語	zhuàngyǔ duǎnyǔ	adverbial phrase
動詞	dòng cí	verb
形容詞	xíng róng cí	adjective
修飾	xiū shì	to modify
何時、何地、為何、如何、多頻繁	hé shí, hé dì, wèi hé, rú hé, duō pín fán	when, where, why, how, how often

Time - 時間

Time, or temporal, adverbial phrases (時間狀語短語 - shíjiān zhuàngyǔ duǎnyǔ) describe when an action occurs.

Time Point - 時間點

Pinpoints a particular moment or event in time. Besides being very specific like "at noon - 中午", "on Monday - 周一", "in 2020 - 在2020", or "yesterday - 昨天", you can specify a time relative to the present.

Examples - 範例
一下	yíxià	indicating a brief action or trying something	我想試一下這個遊戲。 (Wǒ xiǎng shì yíxià zhège yóuxì.) - I want to try this game for a bit.
已經	yǐjīng	already	我已經吃過飯了。 (Wǒ yǐjīng chīguò fàn le.) - I have already eaten.
從來	cónglái	never (in negative sentences)	我從來不喝咖啡。 (Wǒ cónglái bù hē kāfēi.) - I never drink coffee.
大概	dàgài	probably	他大概已經離開了。 (Tā dàgài yǐjīng líkāi le.) - He probably already left.
逐漸	zhújiàn	gradually	天氣逐漸變暖。 (Tiānqì zhújiàn biàn nuǎn.) - The weather is gradually getting warmer.
突然	tūrán	suddenly	他突然站了起來。 (Tā tūrán zhàn le qǐlái.) - He suddenly stood up.
至今	zhìjīn	up to now	至今我還記得那天的情況。 (Zhìjīn wǒ hái jìdé nà tiān de qíngkuàng.) - Up to now, I still remember the situation of that day.
馬上	mǎshàng	immediately	我馬上就來。 (Wǒ mǎshàng jiù lái.) - I’ll come immediately.
最近	zuìjìn	recently	最近天氣變得很熱。 (Zuìjìn tiānqì biàn dé hěn rè.) - Recently, the weather has become very hot.
當時	dāngshí	at that time	當時我不知道該怎麼做。 (Dāngshí wǒ bù zhīdào gāi zěnme zuò.) - At that time, I didn’t know what to do.
以後	yǐhòu	afterwards	我們吃飯以後去看電影。 (Wǒmen chīfàn yǐhòu qù kàn diànyǐng.) - After we eat, we'll go watch a movie.
從此	cóng cǐ	since then	從此他就不再回來。 (Cóng cǐ tā jiù bù zài huílái.) - Since then, he never returned.
不久	bùjiǔ	soon, in a short while	我們不久後就會見面。 (Wǒmen bùjiǔ hòu jiù huì jiànmiàn.) - We will meet soon.
即將	jíjiāng	about to, soon	我們即將開始新的一年。 (Wǒmen jíjiāng kāishǐ xīn de yīnián.) - We are about to start the new year.
往後	wǎng hòu	from now on	往後我會更加努力。 (Wǎng hòu wǒ huì gèngjiā nǔlì.) - From now on, I will work even harder.
即刻	jí kè	immediately	他即刻就做出了反應。 (Tā jí kè jiù zuò chūle fǎnyìng.) - He reacted immediately.
此刻	cǐ kè	at this moment	此刻我們需要冷靜。 (Cǐ kè wǒmen xūyào lěngjìng.) - At this moment, we need to stay calm.
日後	rìhòu	in the future	日後我會再考慮這個問題。 (Rìhòu wǒ huì zài kǎolǜ zhège wèntí.) - In the future, I will reconsider this issue.
經過	jīngguò	after, following	經過這麼多年的努力，他終於成功了。 (Jīngguò zhème duō nián de nǔlì, tā zhōngyú chénggōng le.) - After so many years of hard work, he finally succeeded.

Duration - 時段

Indicates the span or continuation of an event.

Examples - 範例
長期	chángqī	long-term	這是一個需要長期努力的計劃。 (Zhè shì yí gè xūyào chángqī nǔlì de jìhuà.) - This is a plan that requires long-term effort.
短暫	duǎnzàn	brief, short-lived	短暫的休息後，他繼續工作。 (Duǎnzàn de xiūxī hòu, tā jìxù gōngzuò.) - After a brief rest, he continued working.
不久	bùjiǔ	not long, soon	我不久就會回來。 (Wǒ bùjiǔ jiù huì huílái.) - I will return soon.
一段時間	yí duàn shíjiān	a period of time	我需要一段時間來考慮這件事。 (Wǒ xūyào yí duàn shíjiān lái kǎolǜ zhè jiàn shì.) - I need a period of time to think about this.
持續	chíxù	continuously	雨持續下了一整天。 (Yǔ chíxù xià le yì zhěng tiān.) - The rain fell continuously all day.
很久	hěnjiǔ	a long time	我等了很久才見到他。 (Wǒ děng le hěnjiǔ cái jiàndào tā.) - I waited a long time before I saw him.
一整天	yì zhěng tiān	an entire day	我們一整天都在玩遊戲。 (Wǒmen yì zhěng tiān dōu zài wán yóuxì.) - We played games the entire day.
長時間	cháng shíjiān	a long time	久坐長時間對健康不好。 (Jiǔzuò cháng shíjiān duì jiànkāng bù hǎo.) - Sitting for a long time is not good for health.
好幾天	hǎojǐ tiān	several days	我好幾天都沒見到他了。 (Wǒ hǎojǐ tiān dōu méi jiàndào tā le.) - I haven’t seen him for several days.
一陣子	yí zhènzi	a while	我們聊了一陣子才結束。 (Wǒmen liáo le yí zhènzi cái jiéshù.) - We talked for a while before finishing.
永久	yǒngjiǔ	permanent, forever	這是一個永久的承諾。 (Zhè shì yí gè yǒngjiǔ de chéngnuò.) - This is a permanent promise.
從早到晚	cóng zǎo dào wǎn	from morning to night	她從早到晚都在忙工作。 (Tā cóng zǎo dào wǎn dōu zài máng gōngzuò.) - She has been busy with work from morning to night.
整夜	zhěng yè	all night	我們整夜都在趕工。 (Wǒmen zhěng yè dōu zài gǎngōng.) - We worked all night to meet the deadline.
三天兩夜	sān tiān liǎng yè	three days and two nights	這是一次三天兩夜的旅行。 (Zhè shì yì cì sān tiān liǎng yè de lǚxíng.) - This is a three-day, two-night trip.
幾個小時	jǐ gè xiǎoshí	a few hours	他花了幾個小時完成這份報告。 (Tā huā le jǐ gè xiǎoshí wánchéng zhè fèn bàogào.) - He spent a few hours completing this report.
半天	bàntiān	half a day	我在那裡等了半天。 (Wǒ zài nàlǐ děng le bàntiān.) - I waited there for half a day.
數年	shù nián	several years	經過數年的努力，他終於成功了。 (Jīngguò shù nián de nǔlì, tā zhōngyú chénggōng le.) - After several years of hard work, he finally succeeded.
數分鐘	shù fēnzhōng	several minutes	我們只需要數分鐘就能完成。 (Wǒmen zhǐ xūyào shù fēnzhōng jiù néng wánchéng.) - We only need several minutes to finish.
這陣子	zhè zhènzi	recently, for a while now	這陣子我很忙。 (Zhè zhènzi wǒ hěn máng.) - I’ve been very busy for a while now.

Frequency - 頻繁率

Specifies the regularity or repetition of an event.

Examples - 範例
經常	jīngcháng	frequently, often	他經常去圖書館學習。 (Tā jīngcháng qù túshūguǎn xuéxí.) - He often goes to the library to study.
時常	shícháng	frequently, often	我時常想起那些美好的回憶。 (Wǒ shícháng xiǎngqǐ nàxiē měihǎo de huíyì.) - I often think about those beautiful memories.
不時	bùshí	from time to time	她不時會來看看我們。 (Tā bùshí huì lái kàn kàn wǒmen.) - She comes to see us from time to time.
偶爾	ǒu'ěr	occasionally	我們偶爾會出去旅遊。 (Wǒmen ǒu'ěr huì chūqù lǚyóu.) - We occasionally go on trips.
每天	měitiān	every day	他每天早上都跑步。 (Tā měitiān zǎoshang dōu pǎobù.) - He jogs every morning.
每週	měizhōu	every week	我們每週都有會議。 (Wǒmen měizhōu dōu yǒu huìyì.) - We have meetings every week.
每月	měiyuè	every month	他每月都會寄錢回家。 (Tā měiyuè dōu huì jì qián huí jiā.) - He sends money home every month.
每年	měinián	every year	我們每年都會去爺爺奶奶家。 (Wǒmen měinián dōu huì qù yéyé nǎinai jiā.) - We visit our grandparents every year.
頻繁	pínfán	frequently	最近他頻繁出差。 (Zuìjìn tā pínfán chūchāi.) - Recently, he has been traveling frequently for work.
常常	chángcháng	often	他常常忘記帶鑰匙。 (Tā chángcháng wàngjì dài yàoshi.) - He often forgets to bring his keys.
一向	yíxiàng	all along, consistently	他一向很守時。 (Tā yíxiàng hěn shǒushí.) - He has always been punctual.
屢次	lǚcì	repeatedly	他屢次警告我們要小心。 (Tā lǚcì jǐnggào wǒmen yào xiǎoxīn.) - He repeatedly warned us to be careful.
三天兩頭	sān tiān liǎng tóu	frequently, very often	他三天兩頭跑來找我聊天。 (Tā sān tiān liǎng tóu pǎo lái zhǎo wǒ liáotiān.) - He comes to chat with me very often.
每天三次	měitiān sān cì	three times a day	醫生建議每天三次服藥。 (Yīshēng jiànyì měitiān sān cì fúyào.) - The doctor recommends taking the medicine three times a day.
隔天	gé tiān	every other day	我們隔天鍛煉一次。 (Wǒmen gé tiān duànliàn yí cì.) - We exercise every other day.
時而	shí'ér	occasionally, now and then	海邊時而可以看到海豚。 (Hǎibiān shí'ér kěyǐ kàn dào hǎitún.) - Dolphins can occasionally be seen by the sea.
每隔一段時間	měi gé yí duàn shíjiān	at regular intervals	每隔一段時間，他都會打電話來問候。 (Měi gé yí duàn shíjiān, tā dōu huì dǎ diànhuà lái wènhòu.) - At regular intervals, he calls to say hello.
按時	ànshí	on schedule	我們按時完成了任務。 (Wǒmen ànshí wánchéng le rènwù.) - We completed the task on schedule.
不常	bùcháng	not often	我不常去那家餐廳。 (Wǒ bùcháng qù nà jiā cāntīng.) - I don’t go to that restaurant often.
年年	niánnián	year after year	年年都有新挑戰。 (Niánnián dōu yǒu xīn tiǎozhàn.) - Every year brings new challenges.

Approximation - 近似

Provides a general timeframe without precision.

Examples - 範例
大約	dàyuē	about, approximately	我們大約三點到達。 (Wǒmen dàyuē sān diǎn dàodá.) - We will arrive at about three o'clock.
左右	zuǒyòu	around, approximately	他五點左右會到。 (Tā wǔ diǎn zuǒyòu huì dào.) - He will arrive around five o'clock.
差不多	chàbùduō	almost, nearly	我們差不多六點出發。 (Wǒmen chàbùduō liù diǎn chūfā.) - We will leave at almost six o'clock.
將近	jiāngjìn	nearly, close to	他將近十點才回來。 (Tā jiāngjìn shí diǎn cái huílái.) - He didn't come back until nearly ten o'clock.
過去	guòqù	the past, sometime ago	這件事發生在過去的冬天。 (Zhè jiàn shì fāshēng zài guòqù de dōngtiān.) - This happened in the past winter.
近期	jìnqī	recently, in the near future	近期他可能會搬家。 (Jìnqī tā kěnéng huì bānjiā.) - He might move in the near future.
前後	qiánhòu	around, approximately	這事發生在五點前後。 (Zhè shì fāshēng zài wǔ diǎn qiánhòu.) - This happened around five o'clock.
附近	fùjìn	near, around (time or location)	我們在八點附近見面吧。 (Wǒmen zài bā diǎn fùjìn jiànmiàn ba.) - Let's meet around eight o'clock.
某時	mǒu shí	at some time, sometime	我們某時需要討論這件事。 (Wǒmen mǒu shí xūyào tǎolùn zhè jiàn shì.) - We need to discuss this at some point.
不久之前	bùjiǔ zhīqián	not long ago	不久之前，他剛搬到這裡。 (Bùjiǔ zhīqián, tā gāng bān dào zhèlǐ.) - Not long ago, he just moved here.
差不多的時候	chàbùduō de shíhou	around the time	差不多的時候，我們準備好了。 (Chàbùduō de shíhou, wǒmen zhǔnbèi hǎo le.) - Around that time, we were ready.
早些時候	zǎo xiē shíhòu	a bit earlier	早些時候，他來過這裡。 (Zǎo xiē shíhòu, tā láiguò zhèlǐ.) - A bit earlier, he was here.
晚些時候	wǎn xiē shíhòu	a bit later	我們晚些時候再聊吧。 (Wǒmen wǎn xiē shíhòu zài liáo ba.) - Let's talk a bit later.
一年多前	yī nián duō qián	more than a year ago	這事發生在一年多前。 (Zhè shì fāshēng zài yī nián duō qián.) - This happened more than a year ago.
幾個月前	jǐ gè yuè qián	a few months ago	幾個月前，我去過那裡。 (Jǐ gè yuè qián, wǒ qùguò nàlǐ.) - A few months ago, I went there.
幾分鐘後	jǐ fēnzhōng hòu	a few minutes later	幾分鐘後，他就到了。 (Jǐ fēnzhōng hòu, tā jiù dàole.) - He arrived a few minutes later.
不久以後	bùjiǔ yǐhòu	not long after	不久以後，我們就會見到他。 (Bùjiǔ yǐhòu, wǒmen jiù huì jiàn dào tā.) - Not long after, we will see him.
過幾天	guò jǐ tiān	in a few days	過幾天，我再告訴你結果。 (Guò jǐ tiān, wǒ zài gàosù nǐ jiéguǒ.) - In a few days, I will tell you the result.
前一陣子	qián yī zhènzi	some time ago, a while back	前一陣子，我去看過他。 (Qián yī zhènzi, wǒ qù kànguò tā.) - A while back, I went to see him.

Place

Place, or locational, adverbial phrases (地点狀語短語 - dìdiǎn zhuàngyǔ) indicate where an action occurs.

Specific Location - 具體地點

Used to express a precise location where an action takes place.

Examples - 範例
在	zài	at, in, on	我們在公園見面。 (Wǒmen zài gōngyuán jiànmiàn.) - We met at the park.
於	yú	at, in	他於上午十點到達。 (Tā yú shàngwǔ shí diǎn dàodá.) - He arrived at 10 AM.
上	shàng	on (a surface)	書本放在桌子上。 (Shūběn fàng zài zhuōzi shàng.) - The book is on the table.
旁	páng	next to, beside	他坐在我旁邊。 (Tā zuò zài wǒ pángbiān.) - He sat beside me.
裡	lǐ	inside	我把鑰匙放在箱子裡。 (Wǒ bǎ yàoshi fàng zài xiāngzi lǐ.) - I put the keys inside the box.
下	xià	under, beneath	貓躲在桌子下。 (Māo duǒ zài zhuōzi xià.) - The cat is hiding under the table.
外	wài	outside	她在屋外等我。 (Tā zài wū wài děng wǒ.) - She is waiting outside the house.
前	qián	in front of	車停在商店前。 (Chē tíng zài shāngdiàn qián.) - The car is parked in front of the store.
後	hòu	behind	他站在我後面。 (Tā zhàn zài wǒ hòumiàn.) - He stood behind me.
旁邊	pángbiān	next to, by the side	他坐在我旁邊，沒有說話。 (Tā zuò zài wǒ pángbiān, méiyǒu shuōhuà.) - He sat beside me without saying anything.
遠處	yuǎnchù	in the distance	我看到遠處有一個小村莊。 (Wǒ kàn dào yuǎnchù yǒu yīgè xiǎo cūnzhuāng.) - I saw a small village in the distance.
附近	fùjìn	nearby, in the vicinity	附近有一個餐廳，我們可以去那裡吃飯。 (Fùjìn yǒu yīgè cāntīng, wǒmen kěyǐ qù nàlǐ chīfàn.) - There is a restaurant nearby, we can eat there.
裡面	lǐmiàn	inside	裡面有很多人。 (Lǐmiàn yǒu hěnduō rén.) - There are many people inside.
遠方	yuǎnfāng	faraway	他來自遙遠的地方。 (Tā láizì yáoyuǎn de dìfāng.) - He comes from a faraway place.

General Area / Region - 一般地區 / 區域

Used to express a general area or region where an action takes place, without specifying an exact location.

Examples - 範例
在	zài	in, at	我們在城市裡走來走去。 (Wǒmen zài chéngshì lǐ zǒu lái zǒu qù.) - We walk around in the city.
附近	fùjìn	near, in the vicinity	這裡附近有很多商店。 (Zhè lǐ fùjìn yǒu hěnduō shāngdiàn.) - There are many shops around here.
周圍	zhōuwéi	around, surrounding	四周的風景非常美麗。 (Sìzhōu de fēngjǐng fēicháng měilì.) - The scenery around is very beautiful.
城內	chéng nèi	within the city	他在城內工作。 (Tā zài chéng nèi gōngzuò.) - He works within the city.
市區	shìqū	urban area, downtown	我們住在市區。 (Wǒmen zhù zài shìqū.) - We live in the downtown area.
區域	qūyù	area, region	這個區域的天氣比較溫暖。 (Zhège qūyù de tiānqì bǐjiào wēnnuǎn.) - The weather in this region is warmer.
國內	guónèi	within the country	他在國內旅行。 (Tā zài guónèi lǚxíng.) - He is traveling within the country.
國外	guówài	abroad, overseas	我們計劃去國外度假。 (Wǒmen jìhuà qù guówài dùjià.) - We plan to go on vacation abroad.
東邊	dōngbiān	east	他住在城市的東邊。 (Tā zhù zài chéngshì de dōngbiān.) - He lives in the east side of the city.
西邊	xībiān	west	那裡是城市的西邊。 (Nàlǐ shì chéngshì de xībiān.) - That is the west side of the city.
南部	nánbù	south	這個國家的南部很熱。 (Zhège guójiā de nánbù hěn rè.) - The southern part of the country is very hot.
北部	běibù	north	北部的氣候比較寒冷。 (Běibù de qìhòu bǐjiào hánlěng.) - The northern part has a colder climate.
整個	zhěnggè	whole, entire	他走遍了整個村莊。 (Tā zǒu biànle zhěnggè cūnzhuāng.) - He walked through the entire village.
某地	mǒu dì	some place	他從某地來。 (Tā cóng mǒu dì lái.) - He came from some place.
大區	dàqū	large area, region	這個大區的文化特色很獨特。 (Zhège dàqū de wénhuà tèsè hěn dútè.) - The culture of this large region is unique.
本地	běndì	local area	這是我們本地的特色。 (Zhè shì wǒmen běndì de tèsè.) - This is a local characteristic.

Relative Position - 相對位置

Used to express the relative position of an action or object in relation to another.

Examples - 範例
上	shàng	above, on top of	書在桌子上。 (Shū zài zhuōzi shàng.) - The book is on the table.
下	xià	below, underneath	狗在椅子下。 (Gǒu zài yǐzi xià.) - The dog is under the chair.
前	qián	in front of	他站在我前面。 (Tā zhàn zài wǒ qiánmiàn.) - He is standing in front of me.
後	hòu	behind	她在我後面。 (Tā zài wǒ hòumiàn.) - She is behind me.
左	zuǒ	left	請向左轉。 (Qǐng xiàng zuǒ zhuǎn.) - Please turn left.
右	yòu	right	他站在右邊。 (Tā zhàn zài yòubiān.) - He is standing on the right side.
旁	páng	beside, next to	我坐在她旁邊。 (Wǒ zuò zài tā pángbiān.) - I sit next to her.
裡	lǐ	inside, within	鑰匙在包包裡。 (Yàoshi zài bāobāo lǐ.) - The key is inside the bag.
外	wài	outside	他在門外等我。 (Tā zài mén wài děng wǒ.) - He is waiting for me outside the door.
中	zhōng	middle, center	他站在房間中間。 (Tā zhàn zài fángjiān zhōngjiān.) - He is standing in the middle of the room.
對面	duìmiàn	opposite	我住在學校對面。 (Wǒ zhù zài xuéxiào duìmiàn.) - I live opposite the school.
旁邊	pángbiān	beside, by the side of	超市就在我們旁邊。 (Chāoshì jiù zài wǒmen pángbiān.) - The supermarket is right beside us.
附近	fùjìn	nearby, close to	餐廳就在附近。 (Cāntīng jiù zài fùjìn.) - The restaurant is nearby.
對頭	duìtóu	head-on, facing	我們走在對頭的路上。 (Wǒmen zǒu zài duìtóu de lù shàng.) - We are walking on the opposite side of the road.
邊	biān	side	他站在桌子邊。 (Tā zhàn zài zhuōzi biān.) - He is standing at the side of the table.
背後	bèihòu	behind, at the back	他的秘密藏在背後。 (Tā de mìmì cáng zài bèihòu.) - His secret is hidden behind.
上面	shàngmiàn	on top, above	圖片放在桌子上面。 (Túpiàn fàng zài zhuōzi shàngmiàn.) - The picture is placed on top of the table.
下面	xiàmiàn	below, underneath	他的腳在桌子下面。 (Tā de jiǎo zài zhuōzi xiàmiàn.) - His feet are under the table.

Direction / Movement - 方向 / 移動

Used to express the direction or movement of an action or object.

Examples - 範例
向	xiàng	towards	他向我走來。 (Tā xiàng wǒ zǒu lái.) - He is walking towards me.
往	wǎng	towards, to	我們往北走。 (Wǒmen wǎng běi zǒu.) - We are walking towards the north.
朝	cháo	towards, facing	她朝我走來。 (Tā cháo wǒ zǒu lái.) - She is walking towards me.
往前	wǎng qián	forward	我們往前走。 (Wǒmen wǎng qián zǒu.) - We are walking forward.
向前	xiàng qián	forward	請向前看。 (Qǐng xiàng qián kàn.) - Please look ahead.
從	cóng	from, through	他從家裡出發。 (Tā cóng jiālǐ chūfā.) - He set out from home.
到	dào	to, until	我們到達目的地。 (Wǒmen dàodá mùdì dì.) - We reached our destination.
經過	jīngguò	pass by, through	他經過公園。 (Tā jīngguò gōngyuán.) - He passed by the park.
穿越	chuānyuè	cross, through	我們穿越了大街。 (Wǒmen chuānyuè le dàjiē.) - We crossed the street.
超過	chāoguò	exceed, surpass	他超過了前面的車。 (Tā chāoguò le qiánmiàn de chē.) - He overtook the car in front of him.
繞	rào	around	我們繞過了那個障礙。 (Wǒmen rào guòle nà ge zhàng'ài.) - We went around that obstacle.
逃離	táolí	escape from	他逃離了危險區域。 (Tā táolí le wēixiǎn qūyù.) - He escaped from the danger zone.
離開	líkāi	leave, depart from	我們離開了學校。 (Wǒmen líkāi le xuéxiào.) - We left the school.
回	huí	return, go back	他回到了家裡。 (Tā huí dào le jiālǐ.) - He returned home.
進	jìn	enter	我們進了商店。 (Wǒmen jìn le shāngdiàn.) - We entered the store.
出	chū	exit, go out	他走出房間。 (Tā zǒu chū fángjiān.) - He walked out of the room.
逆	nì	against, in reverse	他逆著風走。 (Tā nì zhe fēng zǒu.) - He walked against the wind.
順	shùn	with, along with	我們順著路走。 (Wǒmen shùn zhe lù zǒu.) - We walked along the road.
上	shàng	up, upwards	他向上跳。 (Tā xiàng shàng tiào.) - He jumped upwards.
下	xià	down, downwards	她跳了下去。 (Tā tiào le xiàqù.) - She jumped down.
進入	jìnrù	enter into	他進入了大廳。 (Tā jìnrù le dàtīng.) - He entered the hall.
返回	fǎnhuí	return to	我們返回了起點。 (Wǒmen fǎnhuí le qǐdiǎn.) - We returned to the starting point.

Manner

Manner adverbial phrases (方式狀語短語 - fāngshì zhuàngyǔ) describe how an action is performed.

Style / Quality - 手法 / 品質

Describes the style or quality of an action or state, providing additional details about how something is done or occurs.

Examples - 範例
輕輕地	qīng qīng de	gently, softly	他輕輕地關上門。 (Tā qīng qīng de guān shàng mén.) - He gently closed the door.
快快地	kuài kuài de	quickly, fast	請快快地完成工作。 (Qǐng kuài kuài de wánchéng gōngzuò.) - Please finish the work quickly.
慢慢地	màn màn de	slowly	他慢慢地走回家。 (Tā màn màn de zǒu huí jiā.) - He walked home slowly.
小心地	xiǎo xīn de	carefully	她小心地包裝禮物。 (Tā xiǎo xīn de bāozhuāng lǐwù.) - She carefully wrapped the gift.
高興地	gāo xìng de	happily, joyfully	他高興地接受了邀請。 (Tā gāo xìng de jiēshòu le yāoqǐng.) - He happily accepted the invitation.
安靜地	ān jìng de	quietly, silently	她安靜地坐在那裡。 (Tā ān jìng de zuò zài nàlǐ.) - She sat there quietly.
專心地	zhuān xīn de	attentively, with focus	請專心地聽老師講課。 (Qǐng zhuān xīn de tīng lǎoshī jiǎngkè.) - Please listen to the teacher attentively.
用力地	yòng lì de	forcefully, with strength	他用力地推開了門。 (Tā yòng lì de tuī kāi le mén.) - He forcefully pushed the door open.
隨便地	suí biàn de	casually, carelessly	他隨便地回答了問題。 (Tā suí biàn de huídá le wèntí.) - He casually answered the question.
愉快地	yú kuài de	pleasantly, cheerfully	他們愉快地分享了美食。 (Tāmen yú kuài de fēnxiǎng le měishí.) - They pleasantly shared the food.
痛苦地	tòng kǔ de	painfully, with suffering	他痛苦地回憶起往事。 (Tā tòng kǔ de huíyì qǐ wǎngshì.) - He painfully recalled the past.
熱情地	rè qíng de	enthusiastically, warmly	她熱情地歡迎客人。 (Tā rè qíng de huānyíng kèrén.) - She warmly welcomed the guests.
認真地	rèn zhēn de	seriously, earnestly	他認真地完成了作業。 (Tā rèn zhēn de wánchéng le zuòyè.) - He seriously completed the homework.
急忙地	jí máng de	hurriedly, hastily	他急忙地趕去車站。 (Tā jí máng de gǎn qù chēzhàn.) - He hurriedly rushed to the station.
尷尬地	gān gà de	awkwardly, embarrassingly	她尷尬地笑了笑。 (Tā gān gà de xiào le xiào.) - She smiled awkwardly.
驕傲地	jiāo ào de	proudly	他驕傲地展示了自己的作品。 (Tā jiāo ào de zhǎnshì le zìjǐ de zuòpǐn.) - He proudly displayed his work.
謹慎地	jǐn shèn de	cautiously, prudently	請謹慎地處理這件事。 (Qǐng jǐn shèn de chǔlǐ zhè jiàn shì.) - Please handle this matter cautiously.
困難地	kùn nán de	with difficulty, arduously	他困難地爬上了山頂。 (Tā kùn nán de pá shàng le shāndǐng.) - He arduously climbed to the top of the mountain.

Instrument / Means - 工具 / 手段

Indicates the tool, method, or means by which an action is performed or achieved.

Examples - 範例
用	yòng	to use, by means of	他用鉛筆寫字。 (Tā yòng qiānbǐ xiězì.) - He writes with a pencil.
以	yǐ	with, by means of	我們以和平方式解決了問題。 (Wǒmen yǐ hépíng fāngshì jiějué le wèntí.) - We resolved the issue through peaceful means.
靠	kào	to rely on, by	他靠自己的努力成功了。 (Tā kào zìjǐ de nǔlì chénggōng le.) - He succeeded by his own efforts.
經由	jīng yóu	via, through	我們經由這條路到達了目的地。 (Wǒmen jīngyóu zhè tiáo lù dàodá le mùdìdì.) - We reached the destination via this road.
通過	tōngguò	through, by	他通過努力取得了好成績。 (Tā tōngguò nǔlì qǔdé le hǎo chéngjì.) - He achieved good results through hard work.
憑	píng	based on, by	他憑自己的智慧解決了難題。 (Tā píng zìjǐ de zhìhuì jiějué le nántí.) - He solved the problem by his own intelligence.
藉	jiè	to use, to borrow	她藉助工具完成了任務。 (Tā jièzhù gōngjù wánchéng le rènwù.) - She completed the task using tools.
透過	tòu guò	through, by means of	透過這扇窗戶可以看到海。 (Tòuguò zhè shàn chuānghù kěyǐ kàn dào hǎi.) - You can see the sea through this window.
以便	yǐ biàn	so as to, in order to	我們努力工作，以便早點完成任務。 (Wǒmen nǔlì gōngzuò, yǐbiàn zǎodiǎn wánchéng rènwù.) - We worked hard in order to complete the task earlier.
通勤	tōngqín	to commute, by commuting	他每天通勤一個小時上班。 (Tā měitiān tōngqín yī gè xiǎoshí shàngbān.) - He commutes an hour to work every day.
靠著	kào zhe	relying on, with the help of	靠著朋友的幫助，他成功了。 (Kàozhe péngyǒu de bāngzhù, tā chénggōng le.) - He succeeded with the help of his friends.
藉助	jiè zhù	with the help of	藉助科技，我們改變了生活。 (Jièzhù kējì, wǒmen gǎibiàn le shēnghuó.) - With the help of technology, we changed our lives.
借	jiè	to borrow, to make use of	他借這次機會學到很多。 (Tā jiè zhè cì jīhuì xué dào hěn duō.) - He learned a lot by taking advantage of this opportunity.
按	àn	according to, by	按圖索驥，我們找到了答案。 (Àn tú suǒ jì, wǒmen zhǎodào le dá'àn.) - By following the map, we found the answer.
使用	shǐyòng	to use	我們使用了新技術解決了這個問題。 (Wǒmen shǐyòng le xīn jìshù jiějué le zhège wèntí.) - We used new technology to solve this problem.

Emotion / Attitude - 情感 / 態度

Expresses the emotional state or attitude accompanying an action or situation.

Examples - 範例
高興地	gāoxìng de	happily	他高興地接受了這份禮物。 (Tā gāoxìng de jiēshòu le zhè fèn lǐwù.) - He happily accepted the gift.
悲傷地	bēishāng de	sadly	她悲傷地講述了那段經歷。 (Tā bēishāng de jiǎngshù le nà duàn jīnglì.) - She sadly recounted that experience.
生氣地	shēngqì de	angrily	他生氣地離開了房間。 (Tā shēngqì de líkāi le fángjiān.) - He angrily left the room.
冷靜地	lěngjìng de	calmly	她冷靜地分析了情況。 (Tā lěngjìng de fēnxī le qíngkuàng.) - She calmly analyzed the situation.
開心地	kāixīn de	cheerfully	孩子們開心地玩著遊戲。 (Háizimen kāixīn de wánzhe yóuxì.) - The children were cheerfully playing games.
焦急地	jiāojí de	anxiously	他焦急地等待著結果。 (Tā jiāojí de děngdài zhe jiéguǒ.) - He anxiously waited for the results.
謙虛地	qiānxū de	humbly	她謙虛地接受了表揚。 (Tā qiānxū de jiēshòu le biǎoyáng.) - She humbly accepted the praise.
得意地	déyì de	proudly	他得意地展示了他的獎盃。 (Tā déyì de zhǎnshì le tā de jiǎngbēi.) - He proudly displayed his trophy.
懷疑地	huáiyí de	doubtfully	他懷疑地看著那封信。 (Tā huáiyí de kànzhe nà fēng xìn.) - He looked at the letter doubtfully.
輕蔑地	qīngmiè de	disdainfully	她輕蔑地笑了笑。 (Tā qīngmiè de xiào le xiào.) - She smiled disdainfully.
期待地	qīdài de	expectantly	他期待地看著老師。 (Tā qīdài de kànzhe lǎoshī.) - He looked at the teacher expectantly.
羞愧地	xiūkuì de	ashamedly	他羞愧地低下了頭。 (Tā xiūkuì de dī xià le tóu.) - He hung his head ashamedly.
專注地	zhuānzhù de	attentively	他專注地聽著演講。 (Tā zhuānzhù de tīngzhe yǎnjiǎng.) - He listened attentively to the lecture.
充滿希望地	chōngmǎn xīwàng de	hopefully	她充滿希望地開始了新的一天。 (Tā chōngmǎn xīwàng de kāishǐ le xīn de yītiān.) - She hopefully started a new day.
沮喪地	jǔsàng de	dejectedly	他沮喪地放下了電話。 (Tā jǔsàng de fàngxià le diànhuà.) - He dejectedly put down the phone.
憤怒地	fènnù de	furiously	他憤怒地拍了桌子。 (Tā fènnù de pāi le zhuōzi.) - He furiously slammed the table.
無奈地	wúnài de	helplessly	她無奈地嘆了口氣。 (Tā wúnài de tàn le kǒuqì.) - She sighed helplessly.
驕傲地	jiāo'ào de	arrogantly	他驕傲地宣布了自己的成就。 (Tā jiāo'ào de xuānbù le zìjǐ de chéngjiù.) - He arrogantly announced his achievements.
不耐煩地	bù nàifán de	impatiently	他不耐煩地看了看手錶。 (Tā bù nàifán de kàn le kàn shǒubiǎo.) - He impatiently checked his watch.

Speed / Intensity - 速度 / 強度

Indicates the speed or intensity of an action or situation.

Examples - 範例
迅速地	xùnsù de	rapidly	他迅速地完成了工作。 (Tā xùnsù de wánchéng le gōngzuò.) - He completed the work rapidly.
緩慢地	huǎnmàn de	slowly	她緩慢地走進教室。 (Tā huǎnmàn de zǒu jìn jiàoshì.) - She walked into the classroom slowly.
快速地	kuàisù de	quickly	他快速地回答了問題。 (Tā kuàisù de huídá le wèntí.) - He answered the question quickly.
猛烈地	měngliè de	intensely	風猛烈地吹來。 (Fēng měngliè de chuī lái.) - The wind blew intensely.
強烈地	qiángliè de	strongly	他強烈地表達了自己的意見。 (Tā qiángliè de biǎodá le zìjǐ de yìjiàn.) - He strongly expressed his opinion.
迅猛地	xùnměng de	fiercely	大海迅猛地拍打著岩石。 (Dàhǎi xùnměng de pāi dǎ zhe yánshí.) - The sea struck the rocks fiercely.
激烈地	jīliè de	fiercely	他們激烈地爭論著這個問題。 (Tāmen jīliè de zhēnglùn zhe zhège wèntí.) - They argued fiercely about the issue.
平穩地	píngwěn de	steadily	船平穩地在水面上行駛。 (Chuán píngwěn de zài shuǐmiàn shàng xíngshǐ.) - The boat sailed steadily on the water.
劇烈地	jùliè de	violently	他劇烈地反應了這件事。 (Tā jùliè de fǎnyìng le zhè jiàn shì.) - He reacted violently to this matter.
迅疾地	xùnjí de	swiftly	飛機迅疾地穿過雲層。 (Fēijī xùnjí de chuānguò yúncéng.) - The plane swiftly passed through the clouds.
慢慢地	mànmàn de	gradually	氣溫慢慢地回升。 (Qìwēn mànmàn de huíshēng.) - The temperature gradually rose.
強力地	qiánglì de	forcefully	他強力地推開了門。 (Tā qiánglì de tuī kāi le mén.) - He forcefully pushed the door open.
微弱地	wēiruò de	weakly	她微弱地回答了我的問題。 (Tā wēiruò de huídá le wǒ de wèntí.) - She weakly answered my question.
猛烈地	měngliè de	vigorously	他猛烈地拍打著水面。 (Tā měngliè de pāi dǎ zhe shuǐmiàn.) - He vigorously slapped the water surface.
迅速而準確地	xùnsù ér zhǔnquè de	swiftly and accurately	他迅速而準確地完成了任務。 (Tā xùnsù ér zhǔnquè de wánchéng le rènwù.) - He completed the task swiftly and accurately.
強烈地	qiángliè de	vividly	那場夢強烈地浮現在我的腦海。 (Nà chǎng mèng qiángliè de fúxiàn zài wǒ de nǎohǎi.) - That dream vividly appeared in my mind.
無比地	wúbǐ de	unparalleled	他無比地激動。 (Tā wúbǐ de jīdòng.) - He was unparalleled in his excitement.

Simile - 類比

Used to compare or make a simile between two things.

Examples - 範例
像...一樣	xiàng ... yīyàng	like, as	他像獅子一樣勇敢。 (Tā xiàng shīzi yīyàng yǒnggǎn.) - He is as brave as a lion.
如同	rútóng	just like, as if	她的聲音如同天籟。 (Tā de shēngyīn rútóng tiānlài.) - Her voice is like heavenly music.
像是	xiàng shì	seems like, looks like	他的笑容像是陽光照進來。 (Tā de xiàoróng xiàng shì yángguāng zhào jìnlái.) - His smile looks like sunlight coming in.
猶如	yóurú	just as, as if	他的眼睛猶如深潭。 (Tā de yǎnjīng yóurú shēn tán.) - His eyes are just like a deep pool.
好像	hǎoxiàng	seems like, as if	這件衣服好像不太合身。 (Zhè jiàn yīfú hǎoxiàng bù tài héshēn.) - This piece of clothing seems like it doesn’t fit well.
仿佛	fǎngfú	as if, as though	他仿佛看穿了我的心思。 (Tā fǎngfú kàn chuān le wǒ de xīnsī.) - He seemed to read my mind.
彷彿	pángfú	as though, like	這裡的景色彷彿來自夢境。 (Zhèlǐ de jǐngsè pángfú láizì mèngjìng.) - The scenery here is like it came from a dream.
不亞於	bù yàyú	no less than, equal to	他的能力不亞於任何專家。 (Tā de nénglì bù yàyú rènhé zhuānjiā.) - His ability is no less than any expert's.
就像	jiù xiàng	just like	他的聲音就像海浪拍打礁石。 (Tā de shēngyīn jiù xiàng hǎilàng pāi dǎ jiāoshí.) - His voice is just like waves hitting the rocks.
與其...不如	yǔqí ... bùrú	rather than... it is better	與其懷疑他，不如相信他。 (Yǔqí huáiyí tā, bùrú xiāngxìn tā.) - Rather than doubting him, it’s better to trust him.
比得上	bǐ dé shàng	can compare to	他比得上任何高手。 (Tā bǐ dé shàng rènhé gāoshǒu.) - He can compare to any expert.
如...般	rú ... bān	like, as ... as	她如天使般美麗。 (Tā rú tiānshǐ bān měilì.) - She is as beautiful as an angel.
無異於	wú yì yú	no different from	這無異於一場災難。 (Zhè wú yì yú yī chǎng zāinàn.) - This is no different from a disaster.
比喻為	bǐyù wèi	to be compared to	他被比喻為一位現代的哲學家。 (Tā bèi bǐyù wèi yī wèi xiàndài de zhèxuéjiā.) - He is compared to a modern philosopher.
像...那樣	xiàng ... nàyàng	like ... that	他像小鳥那樣輕快。 (Tā xiàng xiǎo niǎo nàyàng qīngkuài.) - He is as quick as a bird.

Contrast - 對比

Used to contrast between two things.

Examples - 範例
更	gèng	more, better	這個比那個更好。 (Zhège bǐ nàgè gèng hǎo.) - This one is better than that one.
不如	bùrú	not as good as	這個不如那個好。 (Zhège bùrú nàgè hǎo.) - This is not as good as that.
反而	fǎn'ér	on the contrary	他反而變得更聰明。 (Tā fǎn'ér biàn dé gèng cōngmíng.) - On the contrary, he became smarter.
相比	xiāng bǐ	compared to	這部電影相比前一部更精彩。 (Zhè bù diànyǐng xiāng bǐ qián yī bù gèng jīngcǎi.) - Compared to the previous movie, this one is more exciting.
與此相反	yǔ cǐ xiāngfǎn	on the other hand	他喜歡安靜，與此相反，她喜歡熱鬧。 (Tā xǐhuān ānjìng, yǔ cǐ xiāngfǎn, tā xǐhuān rènào.) - He likes quiet, on the other hand, she likes lively places.
不像	bù xiàng	not like	這種方式不像我以前做的那樣。 (Zhè zhǒng fāngshì bù xiàng wǒ yǐqián zuò de nàyàng.) - This method is not like the one I used to do.
正如	zhèngrú	just as	正如他所說，我們應該先行。 (Zhèngrú tā suǒ shuō, wǒmen yīnggāi xiān xíng.) - Just as he said, we should proceed first.
相較於	xiāng jiào yú	compared to	相較於去年，今年的天氣更冷。 (Xiāng jiào yú qùnián, jīnnián de tiānqì gèng lěng.) - Compared to last year, the weather this year is colder.
比起	bǐ qǐ	compared with	比起其他國家，這裡的生活成本較低。 (Bǐ qǐ qítā guójiā, zhè lǐ de shēnghuó chéngběn jiào dī.) - Compared with other countries, the cost of living here is lower.
與...相較	yǔ...xiāng jiào	compared with	與前幾天相較，今天的溫度比較低。 (Yǔ qián jǐ tiān xiāng jiào, jīntiān de wēndù bǐjiào dī.) - Compared with the last few days, today’s temperature is lower.

Degree

Degree adverbial phrases (程度狀語短語 - chéngdù zhuàngyǔ) describe the intensity or extent of an action.

Range / Extent - 範圍 / 程度

Describes the extent to which something is complete, widespread, or limited.

Examples - 範例
完全	wánquán	completely, entirely	這個問題完全解決了。 (Zhège wèntí wánquán jiějué le.) - This problem has been completely solved.
徹底	chèdǐ	thoroughly, completely	我徹底理解了這個概念。 (Wǒ chèdǐ lǐjiě le zhège gàiniàn.) - I thoroughly understand this concept.
部分	bùfen	partly, partially	這個計劃部分成功了。 (Zhège jìhuà bùfen chénggōng le.) - This plan was partially successful.
一部分	yī bùfen	a part of, partially	這是一部分的結果。 (Zhè shì yī bùfen de jiéguǒ.) - This is a partial result.
廣泛	guǎngfàn	widely, extensively	這個問題廣泛影響了社會。 (Zhège wèntí guǎngfàn yǐngxiǎng le shèhuì.) - This issue has widely affected society.
遍及	biànjí	spread across, widespread	這個技術遍及全球。 (Zhège jìshù biànjí quánqiú.) - This technology is spread across the world.
覆蓋	fùgài	cover, spread over	這個報告覆蓋了所有的議題。 (Zhège bàogào fùgài le suǒyǒu de yìtí.) - This report covers all the topics.
在...範圍內	zài ... fànwéi nèi	within the range of	這個任務在他的能力範圍內。 (Zhège rènwù zài tā de nénglì fànwéi nèi.) - This task is within his capability.
限於	xiànyú	limited to	這只限於內部使用。 (Zhè zhǐ xiànyú nèibù shǐyòng.) - This is limited to internal use.
大量	dàliàng	a large amount, a great deal	他收集了大量的資料。 (Tā shōují le dàliàng de zīliào.) - He gathered a large amount of data.
少量	shǎo liàng	a small amount	他只買了少量的商品。 (Tā zhǐ mǎi le shǎo liàng de shāngpǐn.) - He bought a small amount of goods.

Limitation - 限制

Describes how something is limited or restricted, either by scope, extent, or other factors.

Examples - 範例
僅限於	jǐn xiànyú	limited to, restricted to	這個活動僅限於會員參加。 (Zhège huódòng jǐn xiànyú huìyuán cānjiā.) - This event is limited to members only.
只有	zhǐ yǒu	only, just	只有他知道這個秘密。 (Zhǐ yǒu tā zhīdào zhège mìmì.) - Only he knows this secret.
不足以	bù zú yǐ	insufficient to	這個證據不足以證明他的清白。 (Zhège zhèngjù bù zú yǐ zhèngmíng tā de qīngbái.) - This evidence is insufficient to prove his innocence.
不夠	bù gòu	not enough, insufficient	這筆錢不夠支付學費。 (Zhè bǐ qián bù gòu zhīfù xuéfèi.) - This money is not enough to pay for the tuition fees.
僅有	jǐn yǒu	only, limited to	他僅有一點錢。 (Tā jǐn yǒu yī diǎn qián.) - He has only a little money.
無法	wúfǎ	unable to, incapable of	我無法完成這項任務。 (Wǒ wúfǎ wánchéng zhè xiàng rènwù.) - I am unable to complete this task.
不必	bù bì	no need to, not necessary	你不必擔心這個問題。 (Nǐ bù bì dānxīn zhège wèntí.) - There is no need to worry about this issue.
未必	wèibì	not necessarily, not bound to	他未必會同意這個提議。 (Tā wèibì huì tóngyì zhège tíyì.) - He may not necessarily agree with this proposal.
有限	yǒuxiàn	limited	這個促銷活動的時間有限。 (Zhège cùxiāo huódòng de shíjiān yǒuxiàn.) - The duration of this promotion is limited.
受限於	shòuxiànyú	restricted by, constrained by	我們的選擇受限於時間。 (Wǒmen de xuǎnzé shòuxiànyú shíjiān.) - Our choices are constrained by time.
不足	bù zú	insufficient, lacking	資金不足，無法進行下一步計劃。 (Zījīn bù zú, wúfǎ jìnxíng xià yī bù jìhuà.) - The funds are insufficient to proceed with the next plan.
欠缺	qiànquē	lack of, shortage	這項設施欠缺安全措施。 (Zhè xiàng shèshī qiànquē ānquán cuòshī.) - This facility lacks safety measures.

Absolute Degree - 絕對程度

Used to describe the extreme or absolute degree of something, usually without any comparison or relative measure.

Examples - 範例
非常	fēicháng	very, extremely	今天非常熱。 (Jīntiān fēicháng rè.) - It's very hot today.
極其	jíqí	extremely, exceedingly	他極其聰明。 (Tā jíqí cōngmíng.) - He is extremely smart.
十分	shífēn	very, extremely	這個問題十分難解。 (Zhège wèntí shífēn nán jiě.) - This problem is very difficult to solve.
極	jí	extremely, utmost	她極漂亮。 (Tā jí piàoliang.) - She is extremely beautiful.
無比	wúbǐ	incomparable, unmatched	這座城市的美景無比。 (Zhè zuò chéngshì de měijǐng wúbǐ.) - The beauty of this city is unmatched.
極端	jíduān	extreme	他的想法極端。 (Tā de xiǎngfǎ jíduān.) - His thoughts are extreme.
徹底	chèdǐ	thorough, completely	他徹底改變了自己。 (Tā chèdǐ gǎibiànle zìjǐ.) - He completely changed himself.
絕對	juéduì	absolutely, definitely	這是絕對正確的。 (Zhè shì juéduì zhèngquè de.) - This is absolutely correct.
無條件	wú tiáojiàn	unconditionally	他無條件支持我。 (Tā wú tiáojiàn zhīchí wǒ.) - He supports me unconditionally.
完全	wánquán	completely, totally	這是完全錯誤的。 (Zhè shì wánquán cuòwù de.) - This is completely wrong.
透徹	tòuchè	thoroughly	他的理解透徹。 (Tā de lǐjiě tòuchè.) - His understanding is thorough.

Purpose

Purpose adverbial phrases (目的狀語短語 - mùdì zhuàngyǔ) describe the reason or purpose behind an action.

Goal / Objective - 目標 / 目的

Used to express the intended outcome or target of an action.

Examples - 範例
為了達成	wèile dáchéng	in order to achieve	他為了達成目標，努力工作。 (Tā wèile dáchéng mùbiāo, nǔlì gōngzuò.) - He works hard in order to achieve his goals.
以...為目標	yǐ ... wéi mùbiāo	with the goal of	他以減少能源消耗為目標進行改革。 (Tā yǐ jiǎnshǎo néngyuán xiāohào wéi mùbiāo jìnxíng gǎigé.) - He reforms with the goal of reducing energy consumption.
目標是	mùbiāo shì	the goal is	目標是提高生產力。 (Mùbiāo shì tígāo shēngchǎnlì.) - The goal is to increase productivity.
以...為目的	yǐ ... wéi mùdì	with the purpose of	我們以創新為目的開發新產品。 (Wǒmen yǐ chuàngxīn wéi mùdì kāifā xīn chǎnpǐn.) - We develop new products with the purpose of innovation.
為了實現	wèile shíxiàn	in order to realize	他為了實現自己的夢想而不斷努力。 (Tā wèile shíxiàn zìjǐ de mèngxiǎng ér bùduàn nǔlì.) - He works tirelessly in order to realize his dream.
向...目標前進	xiàng ... mùbiāo qiánjìn	move towards the goal of	我們向提高生活品質的目標前進。 (Wǒmen xiàng tígāo shēnghuó zhìliàng de mùbiāo qiánjìn.) - We move towards the goal of improving quality of life.
為了...目的	wèile ... mùdì	for the purpose of	他為了安全目的，改進了設施。 (Tā wèile ānquán mùdì, gǎijìnle shèshī.) - He improved the facilities for the purpose of safety.
以...為追求	yǐ ... wéi zhuīqiú	pursue with the aim of	他以知識為追求，投身於學術研究。 (Tā yǐ zhīshì wéi zhuīqiú, tóushēn yú xuéshù yánjiū.) - He pursues knowledge with the aim of engaging in academic research.
專注於	zhuānzhù yú	focused on	她專注於實現自己的事業目標。 (Tā zhuānzhù yú shíxiàn zìjǐ de shìyè mùbiāo.) - She is focused on achieving her career goals.
致力於	zhìlì yú	dedicated to	他致力於保護環境。 (Tā zhìlì yú bǎohù huánjìng.) - He is dedicated to protecting the environment.
旨在	zhǐ zài	aims to	該項目旨在提高教育質量。 (Gāi xiàngmù zhǐ zài tígāo jiàoyù zhìliàng.) - The project aims to improve the quality of education.
為了...目的而	wèile ... mùdì ér	for the purpose of ... and	她為了完成研究目的而投入了大量時間。 (Tā wèile wánchéng yánjiū mùdì ér tóurùle dàliàng shíjiān.) - She devoted a lot of time to complete the research objective.
尋求	xúnqiú	seek	我們尋求改變現有政策。 (Wǒmen xúnqiú gǎibiàn xiàn yǒu zhèngcè.) - We seek to change the current policies.
目標在於	mùbiāo zàiyú	the goal lies in	這個計劃的目標在於提升社會福祉。 (Zhège jìhuà de mùbiāo zàiyú tíshēng shèhuì fúzhǐ.) - The goal of this plan lies in improving social welfare.
以...為最終目標	yǐ ... wéi zuìzhōng mùbiāo	with ... as the ultimate goal	這項技術的發展以提高能源效率為最終目標。 (Zhè xiàng jìshù de fāzhǎn yǐ tígāo néngyuán xiàolǜ wéi zuìzhōng mùbiāo.) - The development of this technology has increasing energy efficiency as its ultimate goal.

Benefit / Advantage - 好處 / 優勢

Used to express a positive outcome, advantage, or benefit of an action or situation.

Examples - 範例
有助於	yǒu zhù yú	help with, contribute to	這項技術有助於提高生產效率。 (Zhè xiàng jìshù yǒu zhù yú tígāo shēngchǎn xiàolǜ.) - This technology helps to improve production efficiency.
對...有益	duì ... yǒu yì	beneficial to	這種運動對身體有益。 (Zhè zhǒng yùndòng duì shēntǐ yǒu yì.) - This kind of exercise is beneficial to health.
有利於	yǒu lì yú	advantageous for	早睡早起有利於健康。 (Zǎo shuì zǎo qǐ yǒu lì yú jiànkāng.) - Going to bed early and waking up early is advantageous for health.
對...有幫助	duì ... yǒu bāngzhù	helpful to	這本書對學習英語有幫助。 (Zhè běn shū duì xuéxí yīngyǔ yǒu bāngzhù.) - This book is helpful for learning English.
對...有好處	duì ... yǒu hǎochù	good for, beneficial to	多喝水對皮膚有好處。 (Duō hē shuǐ duì pífū yǒu hǎochù.) - Drinking more water is good for the skin.
有...的好處	yǒu ... de hǎochù	have the benefit of	這種飲食有促進消化的好處。 (Zhè zhǒng yǐnshí yǒu cùjìn xiāohuà de hǎochù.) - This diet has the benefit of promoting digestion.
對...有正面影響	duì ... yǒu zhèngmiàn yǐngxiǎng	have a positive impact on	學習第二語言對大腦有正面影響。 (Xuéxí dì èr yǔyán duì dànǎo yǒu zhèngmiàn yǐngxiǎng.) - Learning a second language has a positive impact on the brain.
使...變得更好	shǐ ... biàn dé gèng hǎo	make ... better	這個策略使公司的表現變得更好。 (Zhège cèlüè shǐ gōngsī de biǎoxiàn biàn dé gèng hǎo.) - This strategy made the company’s performance better.
有...的優勢	yǒu ... de yōushì	have the advantage of	這家公司有規模上的優勢。 (Zhè jiā gōngsī yǒu guīmó shàng de yōushì.) - This company has the advantage of scale.
為...帶來好處	wèi ... dàilái hǎochù	bring benefits to	這項新政策為市民帶來了好處。 (Zhè xiàng xīn zhèngcè wèi shìmín dàilái le hǎochù.) - This new policy brought benefits to the citizens.
有助於...的發展	yǒu zhù yú ... de fāzhǎn	contribute to the development of	這項投資有助於公司的發展。 (Zhè xiàng tóuzī yǒu zhù yú gōngsī de fāzhǎn.) - This investment contributes to the development of the company.
對...有益處	duì ... yǒu yìchù	have advantages for	這項計劃對改善環境有益處。 (Zhè xiàng jìhuà duì gǎishàn huánjìng yǒu yìchù.) - This plan has advantages for improving the environment.
對...有助益	duì ... yǒu zhùyì	be helpful to	這種方法對學生的學習有助益。 (Zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ duì xuéshēng de xuéxí yǒu zhùyì.) - This method is helpful to the students' learning.
...的優勢在於	... de yōushì zàiyú	the advantage of ... lies in	...的優勢在於其技術領先。 (... de yōushì zàiyú qí jìshù lǐngxiān.) - The advantage of this lies in its technological leadership.
...的益處在於	... de yìchù zàiyú	the benefit of ... lies in	這項改革的益處在於改善了工作環境。 (Zhè xiàng gǎigé de yìchù zàiyú gǎishànle gōngzuò huánjìng.) - The benefit of this reform lies in improving the work environment.

Condition / Requirement - 條件 / 要求

Used to indicate conditions or requirements for an action or event.

Examples - 範例
如果	rúguǒ	if, in case	如果下雨，我們就取消旅行。 (Rúguǒ xiàyǔ, wǒmen jiù qǔxiāo lǚxíng.) - If it rains, we will cancel the trip.
在...的情況下	zài ... de qíngkuàng xià	under the condition of	在天氣晴朗的情況下，我們會出發。 (Zài tiānqì qínglǎng de qíngkuàng xià, wǒmen huì chūfā.) - Under the condition of clear weather, we will depart.
只要	zhǐyào	as long as	只要你完成作業，就可以去玩。 (Zhǐyào nǐ wánchéng zuòyè, jiù kěyǐ qù wán.) - As long as you finish your homework, you can go play.
必須	bìxū	must, have to	你必須按時完成報告。 (Nǐ bìxū ànshí wánchéng bàogào.) - You must finish the report on time.
除非	chúfēi	unless	除非天氣變壞，我們才會取消活動。 (Chúfēi tiānqì biàn huài, wǒmen cái huì qǔxiāo huódòng.) - Unless the weather turns bad, we will not cancel the event.
在...之前	zài ... zhīqián	before	在會議之前，我需要準備一些資料。 (Zài huìyì zhīqián, wǒ xūyào zhǔnbèi yīxiē zīliào.) - Before the meeting, I need to prepare some materials.
只有...才	zhǐyǒu ... cái	only if	只有完成測試，才可以發布新版本。 (Zhǐyǒu wánchéng cèshì, cái kěyǐ fābù xīn bǎnběn.) - Only if the test is completed can the new version be released.
當...時	dāng ... shí	when, at the time of	當我到達時，請給我打電話。 (Dāng wǒ dàodá shí, qǐng gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà.) - Please call me when I arrive.
在...情況下	zài ... qíngkuàng xià	under the circumstances	在這種情況下，我們無能為力。 (Zài zhè zhǒng qíngkuàng xià, wǒmen wú néng wéilì.) - Under these circumstances, we are powerless.
如果不	rúguǒ bù	if not	如果不遵守規定，將會受到處罰。 (Rúguǒ bù zūnshǒu guīdìng, jiāng huì shòudào chǔfá.) - If the rules are not followed, there will be consequences.
應該	yīnggāi	should	你應該按時到達會議。 (Nǐ yīnggāi ànshí dàodá huìyì.) - You should arrive at the meeting on time.
無論...都	wúlùn ... dōu	no matter	無論天氣如何，我們都會出發。 (Wúlùn tiānqì rúhé, wǒmen dōu huì chūfā.) - No matter the weather, we will depart.
除非...否則	chúfēi ... fǒuzé	unless ... otherwise	除非有緊急情況，否則不要打擾我。 (Chúfēi yǒu jǐnjí qíngkuàng, fǒuzé bùyào dǎrǎo wǒ.) - Unless there is an emergency, do not disturb me.
不管	bùguǎn	no matter, regardless of	不管結果如何，我們都會繼續努力。 (Bùguǎn jiéguǒ rúhé, wǒmen dōu huì jìxù nǔlì.) - No matter the outcome, we will continue to work hard.
只有...才行	zhǐyǒu ... cái xíng	only ... will work	只有達到這些標準，才行。 (Zhǐyǒu dádào zhèxiē biāozhǔn, cái xíng.) - Only meeting these standards will work.
在...下	zài ... xià	under the condition of	在這種壓力下，我們無法做出決定。 (Zài zhè zhǒng yālì xià, wǒmen wúfǎ zuòchū juédìng.) - Under this pressure, we cannot make a decision.
如果有	rúguǒ yǒu	if there is	如果有任何問題，請隨時聯繫我。 (Rúguǒ yǒu rènhé wèntí, qǐng suíshí liánxì wǒ.) - If there are any problems, feel free to contact me.

Condition - 條件

Condition adverbial phrases (條件狀語短語 - tiáojiàn zhuàngyǔ) describe the conditions under which an action occurs.

Real Conditions - 現實條件

Used to indicate conditions that are considered real or possible, modifying the verb by describing the circumstances under which the action or event occurs.

Examples - 範例
如果	rúguǒ	if, in case	如果下雨，我們就取消旅行。 (Rúguǒ xiàyǔ, wǒmen jiù qǔxiāo lǚxíng.) - If it rains, we will cancel the trip.
假如	jiǎrú	suppose, if	假如今天有時間，我們就去看電影。 (Jiǎrú jīntiān yǒu shíjiān, wǒmen jiù qù kàn diànyǐng.) - Suppose we have time today, we’ll go watch a movie.
只要	zhǐyào	as long as	只要你完成作業，就可以去玩。 (Zhǐyào nǐ wánchéng zuòyè, jiù kěyǐ qù wán.) - As long as you finish your homework, you can go play.
必須	bìxū	must, have to	你必須按時完成報告。 (Nǐ bìxū ànshí wánchéng bàogào.) - You must finish the report on time.
在...的情況下	zài ... de qíngkuàng xià	under the condition of	在天氣晴朗的情況下，我們會出發。 (Zài tiānqì qínglǎng de qíngkuàng xià, wǒmen huì chūfā.) - Under the condition of clear weather, we will depart.
一旦	yīdàn	once, as soon as	一旦他完成工作，我們就出發。 (Yīdàn tā wánchéng gōngzuò, wǒmen jiù chūfā.) - Once he finishes his work, we’ll leave.
當...時	dāng ... shí	when, at the time of	當我到達時，請給我打電話。 (Dāng wǒ dàodá shí, qǐng gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà.) - Please call me when I arrive.
只有...才	zhǐyǒu ... cái	only if	只有完成測試，才可以發布新版本。 (Zhǐyǒu wánchéng cèshì, cái kěyǐ fābù xīn bǎnběn.) - Only if the test is completed can the new version be released.
若	ruò	if	若你願意，我便幫助你。 (Ruò nǐ yuànyì, wǒ biàn bāngzhù nǐ.) - If you’re willing, I’ll help you.
在...之前	zài ... zhīqián	before	在會議之前，我需要準備一些資料。 (Zài huìyì zhīqián, wǒ xūyào zhǔnbèi yīxiē zīliào.) - Before the meeting, I need to prepare some materials.
如果有	rúguǒ yǒu	if there is	如果有任何問題，請隨時聯繫我。 (Rúguǒ yǒu rènhé wèntí, qǐng suíshí liánxì wǒ.) - If there are any problems, feel free to contact me.
在...下	zài ... xià	under the condition of	在這種壓力下，我們無法做出決定。 (Zài zhè zhǒng yālì xià, wǒmen wúfǎ zuòchū juédìng.) - Under this pressure, we cannot make a decision.
只需	zhǐxū	only need to	只需填寫表格，就可以申請。 (Zhǐxū tiánxiě biǎogé, jiù kěyǐ shēnqǐng.) - You only need to fill out the form to apply.
應該	yīnggāi	should	你應該按時到達會議。 (Nǐ yīnggāi ànshí dàodá huìyì.) - You should arrive at the meeting on time.
除非	chúfēi	unless	除非天氣變壞，我們才會取消活動。 (Chúfēi tiānqì biàn huài, wǒmen cái huì qǔxiāo huódòng.) - Unless the weather turns bad, we will not cancel the event.

Unreal / Hypothetical - 虛幻 / 假設性

Expresses conditions that are imagined, unreal, or contrary to reality.

Examples - 範例
如果...的話	rúguǒ ... de huà	if ... were to happen	如果我是你，我會接受這個機會。 (Rúguǒ wǒ shì nǐ, wǒ huì jiēshòu zhège jīhuì.) - If I were you, I would take this opportunity.
假如	jiǎrú	supposing that	假如我中了彩票，我會環遊世界。 (Jiǎrú wǒ zhòngle cǎipiào, wǒ huì huányóu shìjiè.) - Supposing I won the lottery, I would travel the world.
要是	yàoshì	if (unrealistic or informal)	要是我有時間，我就會去幫助你。 (Yàoshì wǒ yǒu shíjiān, wǒ jiù huì qù bāngzhù nǐ.) - If I had time, I would help you.
如果可以	rúguǒ kěyǐ	if it were possible	如果可以，我希望能回到過去。 (Rúguǒ kěyǐ, wǒ xīwàng néng huídào guòqù.) - If it were possible, I wish I could go back in time.
假使	jiǎshǐ	suppose that	假使你知道答案，為什麼不告訴我？ (Jiǎshǐ nǐ zhīdào dá'àn, wèishénme bù gàosù wǒ?) - Suppose you knew the answer, why didn’t you tell me?
如果不是因為	rúguǒ bùshì yīnwèi	if it were not for	如果不是因為天氣不好，我們就出發了。 (Rúguǒ bùshì yīnwèi tiānqì bù hǎo, wǒmen jiù chūfā le.) - If it were not for the bad weather, we would have left.
如果沒有	rúguǒ méiyǒu	if it were not for, without	如果沒有你的幫助，我無法完成。 (Rúguǒ méiyǒu nǐ de bāngzhù, wǒ wúfǎ wánchéng.) - Without your help, I wouldn’t have been able to finish.
萬一	wànyī	what if	萬一我們迷路了，我們該怎麼辦？ (Wànyī wǒmen mílù le, wǒmen gāi zěnme bàn?) - What if we get lost, what should we do?
要不是	yào bùshì	if it weren’t for	要不是下雨，我們就已經到了。 (Yào bùshì xiàyǔ, wǒmen jiù yǐjīng dào le.) - If it weren’t for the rain, we would have already arrived.
假如不	jiǎrú bù	if not	假如不努力，你怎麼會成功？ (Jiǎrú bù nǔlì, nǐ zěnme huì chénggōng?) - If you don’t work hard, how will you succeed?
設若	shèruò	assuming that	設若我有錢，我一定會支持你的計劃。 (Shèruò wǒ yǒu qián, wǒ yīdìng huì zhīchí nǐ de jìhuà.) - Assuming I had the money, I would definitely support your plan.
如果可能的話	rúguǒ kěnéng de huà	if it were possible	如果可能的話，我希望能再見到他。 (Rúguǒ kěnéng de huà, wǒ xīwàng néng zài jiàndào tā.) - If it were possible, I hope to see him again.
如果當時	rúguǒ dāngshí	if at that time	如果當時我有更多的信息，我會做出不同的決定。 (Rúguǒ dāngshí wǒ yǒu gèng duō de xìnxī, wǒ huì zuòchū bùtóng de juédìng.) - If I had more information at that time, I would have made a different decision.
不然的話	bùrán de huà	otherwise (hypothetical)	快點走，不然的話我們會遲到。 (Kuài diǎn zǒu, bùrán de huà wǒmen huì chídào.) - Hurry up, otherwise we will be late.
假若	jiǎruò	if, suppose that	假若他還在，我們會多麼高興。 (Jiǎruò tā hái zài, wǒmen huì duōme gāoxìng.) - Suppose he were still here, how happy we would be.

Negative Conditions - 否定條件

Expresses situations or outcomes that occur only if a condition is not met.

Examples - 範例
除非	chúfēi	unless	除非你有好理由，否則我不會同意。 (Chúfēi nǐ yǒu hǎo lǐyóu, fǒuzé wǒ bù huì tóngyì.) - Unless you have a good reason, I won’t agree.
不然	bùrán	otherwise	快點完成，不然我們趕不上火車。 (Kuài diǎn wánchéng, bùrán wǒmen gǎnbushàng huǒchē.) - Finish quickly, otherwise we’ll miss the train.
否則	fǒuzé	if not, otherwise	趕快出發，否則我們會遲到。 (Gǎnkuài chūfā, fǒuzé wǒmen huì chídào.) - Leave now, otherwise we’ll be late.
要不是	yào bùshì	if it weren’t for	要不是他幫忙，我們早就失敗了。 (Yào bùshì tā bāngmáng, wǒmen zǎo jiù shībài le.) - If it weren’t for his help, we would have failed.
除非不	chúfēi bù	unless not	除非你不想贏，否則必須全力以赴。 (Chúfēi nǐ bù xiǎng yíng, fǒuzé bìxū quánlì yǐfù.) - Unless you don’t want to win, you must give your best effort.
如果不	rúguǒ bù	if not	如果不早點出發，我們可能會迷路。 (Rúguǒ bù zǎodiǎn chūfā, wǒmen kěnéng huì mílù.) - If we don’t leave early, we might get lost.
萬一不	wànyī bù	what if not	萬一不成功，我們有備案嗎？ (Wànyī bù chénggōng, wǒmen yǒu bèi'àn ma?) - What if it doesn’t succeed? Do we have a backup plan?
假使不	jiǎshǐ bù	if not	假使不努力，我們怎麼能成功？ (Jiǎshǐ bù nǔlì, wǒmen zěnme néng chénggōng?) - If we don’t work hard, how can we succeed?
設若不	shèruò bù	if not, assuming not	設若不遵守規則，你會被罰款。 (Shèruò bù zūnshǒu guīzé, nǐ huì bèi fákuǎn.) - If you don’t follow the rules, you’ll be fined.
要不然	yào bùrán	otherwise	你得努力工作，要不然會被解僱。 (Nǐ děi nǔlì gōngzuò, yào bùrán huì bèi jiěgù.) - You need to work hard, otherwise you’ll be fired.
若不是	ruò bùshì	if it weren’t for	若不是他的鼓勵，我早就放棄了。 (Ruò bùshì tā de gǔlì, wǒ zǎo jiù fàngqì le.) - If it weren’t for his encouragement, I would have given up long ago.
假如沒有	jiǎrú méiyǒu	if not, without	假如沒有你的支持，我們無法成功。 (Jiǎrú méiyǒu nǐ de zhīchí, wǒmen wúfǎ chénggōng.) - Without your support, we couldn’t succeed.
不然的話	bùrán de huà	otherwise	快點準備，不然的話我們會遲到。 (Kuài diǎn zhǔnbèi, bùrán de huà wǒmen huì chídào.) - Get ready quickly, otherwise we’ll be late.
如果不是	rúguǒ bùshì	if not	如果不是天氣不好，我們就去爬山了。 (Rúguǒ bùshì tiānqì bù hǎo, wǒmen jiù qù páshān le.) - If the weather weren’t bad, we would have gone hiking.

Concession

Concession adverbial phrases (讓步狀語短語 - ràngbù zhuàngyǔ) indicate a contrast or concession in relation to the main action.

Contrast / Opposition - 讓步 / 反對

Used to introduce a condition where the expected outcome or result is in contrast or opposition to the usual or typical outcome.

Examples - 範例
儘管	jǐnguǎn	despite, although	儘管他很忙，他還是幫了我。 (Jǐnguǎn tā hěn máng, tā hái shì bāngle wǒ.) - Although he was busy, he still helped me.
雖然	suīrán	although, even though	雖然下雨，我們還是決定出發。 (Suīrán xiàyǔ, wǒmen hái shì juédìng chūfā.) - Although it was raining, we still decided to depart.
即使	jíshǐ	even if	即使他不來，我也會繼續進行。 (Jíshǐ tā bù lái, wǒ yě huì jìxù jìnxíng.) - Even if he doesn't come, I will continue.
不管	bùguǎn	no matter	不管他有多忙，他都會參加。 (Bùguǎn tā yǒu duō máng, tā dōu huì cānjiā.) - No matter how busy he is, he will still attend.
雖說	suī shuō	though, though it is said	雖說他不擅長這方面，但他依然嘗試了。 (Suī shuō tā bù shàncháng zhè fāngmiàn, dàn tā yīrán chángshìle.) - Though it's said that he's not good at this, he still tried.
即使...也	jíshǐ ... yě	even if ... still	即使今天很熱，我們也會繼續工作。 (Jíshǐ jīntiān hěn rè, wǒmen yě huì jìxù gōngzuò.) - Even if it's hot today, we will continue working.
縱使	zòngshǐ	even though	縱使他很遲到，我還是會等他。 (Zòngshǐ tā hěn chídào, wǒ hái shì huì děng tā.) - Even though he's very late, I will still wait for him.
儘管如此	jǐnguǎn rúcǐ	nevertheless, despite this	儘管如此，我們還是決定照常出發。 (Jǐngguǎn rúcǐ, wǒmen hái shì juédìng zhàocháng chūfā.) - Nevertheless, we still decided to depart as scheduled.
即便	jíbiàn	even though	即便他拒絕了，我們還是繼續推進計劃。 (Jíbiàn tā jùjuéle, wǒmen hái shì jìxù tuījìn jìhuà.) - Even though he refused, we continued pushing the plan forward.
無論	wúlùn	no matter, regardless of	無論天氣怎樣，我們都會出發。 (Wúlùn tiānqì zěnyàng, wǒmen dōu huì chūfā.) - Regardless of the weather, we will depart.
反正	fǎnzhèng	anyway, in any case	反正他不會來，咱們還是去吧。 (Fǎnzhèng tā bù huì lái, zánmen hái shì qù ba.) - Anyway, he won't come, let's go ahead.
即使...也...不	jíshǐ ... yě ... bù	even if ... still not	即使他答應了，我們也不會相信。 (Jíshǐ tā dāyìngle, wǒmen yě bù huì xiāngxìn.) - Even if he agrees, we still won't believe him.
縱使...也	zòngshǐ ... yě	even though ... still	縱使他很難過，他還是決定參加。 (Zòngshǐ tā hěn nánguò, tā hái shì juédìng cānjiā.) - Even though he's upset, he still decided to participate.

Concession - 讓步

Acknowledges or admits a fact or argument, often used to soften a statement or argument.

Examples - 範例
畢竟	bìjìng	after all	畢竟你是他的朋友，應該理解他。 (Bìjìng nǐ shì tā de péngyǒu, yīnggāi lǐjiě tā.) - After all, you are his friend, you should understand him.
無論如何	wúlùn rúhé	in any case, no matter what	無論如何，我還是支持你。 (Wúlùn rúhé, wǒ hái shì zhīchí nǐ.) - In any case, I still support you.
總之	zǒngzhī	anyway, in short	總之，我們得趕快決定。 (Zǒngzhī, wǒmen dé gǎnkuài juédìng.) - Anyway, we need to decide quickly.
換句話說	huàn jù huà shuō	in other words	換句話說，我們現在沒有選擇了。 (Huàn jù huà shuō, wǒmen xiànzài méiyǒu xuǎnzé le.) - In other words, we have no choice now.
說實話	shuō shíhuà	to be honest	說實話，我不太確定這是否可行。 (Shuō shíhuà, wǒ bù tài quèdìng zhè shìfǒu kěxíng.) - To be honest, I’m not sure if this is feasible.
事實上	shìshí shàng	in fact	事實上，我認為這是一個好主意。 (Shìshí shàng, wǒ rènwéi zhè shì yīgè hǎo zhǔyì.) - In fact, I think this is a good idea.
其實	qíshí	actually	其實我有點擔心這個計劃。 (Qíshí wǒ yǒudiǎn dānxīn zhège jìhuà.) - Actually, I’m a bit worried about this plan.
雖然如此	suīrán rúcǐ	even so, nonetheless	雖然如此，我們還是得繼續努力。 (Suīrán rúcǐ, wǒmen hái shì dé jìxù nǔlì.) - Even so, we still have to keep trying.
儘管如此	jǐnguǎn rúcǐ	nevertheless	儘管如此，這個計劃還是可行的。 (Jǐnguǎn rúcǐ, zhège jìhuà hái shì kěxíng de.) - Nevertheless, this plan is still feasible.
即便如此	jíbiàn rúcǐ	even so	即便如此，我們也不能放棄。 (Jíbiàn rúcǐ, wǒmen yě bùnéng fàngqì.) - Even so, we can't give up.
不過	bùguò	however, but	不過，他的建議還是值得考慮的。 (Bùguò, tā de jiànyì hái shì zhídé kǎolǜ de.) - However, his suggestion is still worth considering.
更重要的是	gèng zhòngyào de shì	more importantly	更重要的是，我們需要準備好應對任何情況。 (Gèng zhòngyào de shì, wǒmen xūyào zhǔnbèi hǎo yìngduì rènhé qíngkuàng.) - More importantly, we need to be ready for any situation.

Unexpected Result - 意外結果

Used to express surprising or unintended outcomes that differ from what was expected.

Examples - 範例
居然	jūrán	unexpectedly	居然沒有人提前告訴我這個消息！ (Jūrán méiyǒu rén tíqián gàosù wǒ zhège xiāoxī!) - I can’t believe no one told me this news in advance!
竟然	jìngrán	actually, surprisingly	他竟然能在這麼短的時間內完成任務。 (Tā jìngrán néng zài zhème duǎn de shíjiān nèi wánchéng rènwù.) - He surprisingly managed to finish the task in such a short time.
居然如此	jūrán rúcǐ	it actually turned out like this	居然如此，我真是不敢相信！ (Jūrán rúcǐ, wǒ zhēn de bù gǎn xiāngxìn!) - I can’t believe it actually turned out like this!
沒想到	méi xiǎngdào	didn't expect	沒想到他會這麼快就答應了。 (Méi xiǎngdào tā huì zhème kuài jiù dāyìng le.) - I didn’t expect him to agree so quickly.
不料	bùliào	unexpectedly	不料我們竟然在這裡迷路了。 (Bùliào wǒmen jìngrán zài zhèlǐ mílù le.) - Unexpectedly, we got lost here.
結果	jiéguǒ	as a result, in the end	結果我們的努力沒能得到回報。 (Jiéguǒ wǒmen de nǔlì méi néng dédào huíbào.) - In the end, our efforts didn’t get rewarded.
反而	fǎn'ér	on the contrary	我們以為會輸，反而贏了。 (Wǒmen yǐwéi huì shū, fǎn'ér yíng le.) - We thought we would lose, but on the contrary, we won.
出乎意料	chū hū yìliào	unexpectedly	結果出乎意料，我們成功了。 (Jiéguǒ chū hū yìliào, wǒmen chénggōng le.) - The result was unexpected; we succeeded.
意外地	yìwài de	unexpectedly	她意外地成為了這個比賽的冠軍。 (Tā yìwài de chéngwéi le zhège bǐsài de guànjūn.) - She unexpectedly became the champion of the competition.
原來	yuánlái	it turns out	原來是他做的，我完全沒想到。 (Yuánlái shì tā zuò de, wǒ wánquán méi xiǎngdào.) - It turns out he did it; I never expected that.
沒料到	méi liàodào	didn't expect	沒料到他會來參加這個會議。 (Méi liàodào tā huì lái cānjiā zhège huìyì.) - I didn’t expect him to attend this meeting.